Competing ultrafast intersystem crossing and internal conversion in the “channel 3” region of benzene

Abstract

We report new, detailed, femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and calculations investigating the competition between ultrafast internal conversion and ultrafast intersystem crossing in electronically and vibrationally excited benzene at the onset of “channel 3”. Using different probe energies to record the total photoelectron yield as a function of pump–probe delay we are able to confirm that S₁, T₁ and T₂ electronic states are involved in the excited state dynamics. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements then allow us to unravel the evolution of the S₁, T₁ and T₂ components of the excited state population and, together with complementary quantum chemistry and quantum dynamics calculations, support our earlier proposal that ultrafast intersystem crossing competes with internal conversion (Chem. Phys. Lett., 2009, 469, 43).