CO2 capture and storage: are we ready?

Abstract

Options for capture and storage of CO₂ that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere by combustion of fossil fuels are considered. This paper assesses whether CO₂ can be captured, whether sufficient potential capacity exists for storage in geologic formations, describes physical mechanisms that can prevent escape of the CO₂ from the subsurface, delineates methods for monitoring the movement of CO₂ in the subsurface and for detecting leaks, and describes field experience with CO₂ injection. While much remains to be learned about the design of specific storage projects, the current state of knowledge of carbon capture and storage is sufficient to permit testing at the scale of large power plants.