Liriodenine (L), an active component of the anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Its reactions with Pt(II) and Ru(II) afforded three metal complexes: cis-[PtCl2(L)] (1), cis-[PtCl2(L)(DMSO)] (2), and cis-[RuCl2(L)(DMSO)2]·1.5H2O (3), the crystal structures of L, 2 and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. These complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrophotometry, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and ES mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxicity of L and complexes 1–3 against 11 human tumour cell lines was assayed. The metal-based compounds exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity vs. free L, suggesting that these compounds display synergy in the combination of metal ions and liriodenine. The binding properties of L and its complexes 1–3 to ct-DNA were investigated through UV-vis, fluorescence, CD spectra, viscosity and agarose gels electrophoretic measurements.
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