Effects of snap-freezing and near-infrared laser illumination on porcine prostate tissue as measured by Raman spectroscopy†
Abstract
Most Raman spectroscopic studies on tissue are performed in vitro. To assure that the results are applicable to in vivo examinations, preparation protocols and measurement procedures of tissue for in vitro studies should preserve tissue characteristics close to the native state. This study had two aims. The first was to elucidate if photoinduced effects arise during 5 minutes' continuous illumination of tissue with an 830 nm laser at an irradiance of ∼3 × 1010 W/m2. The second was to investigate the effects of snap-freezing of porcine prostate tissue in liquid nitrogen and subsequent storage at −80 °C, by means of