Monolithic cryogels with open porous structure and unique double-continuous macroporous networks

Abstract

A novel approach to create macroporous cryogels (or gels synthesized at sub-zero temperatures) with increased mechanical strength is presented. The cryogels with unique double-continuous macroporous networks were prepared via sequential freezing–thawing, when the new cryogel was synthesized inside the interconnected macropores of the preformed or primary cryogel. The prepared double-continuous macroporous cryogels (DM cryogels) have continuously interlacing networks of primary cryogel with the newly synthesized cryogels visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The open structures of the DM cryogels with up to 150-μm-sized interconnected pores and tissue-like elasticity make them attractive as three-dimensional cell scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications. In particular, a method of preparation of macroporous cryogels with open porous structure and/or gradient porosity, increased mechanical strength and increased content of functional groups is shown.