Nucleic acid secondary structures containing the double-headed nucleoside 5′(S)-C-(2-(thymin-1-yl)ethyl)thymidine

Abstract

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing the double-headed nucleoside 5′(S)-C-(2-(thymin-1-yl)ethyl)thymidine were prepared by standard solid phase synthesis. The synthetic building block for incorporating the double-headed moiety was prepared from thymidine, which was stereoselectively converted to a protected 5′(S)-C-hydroxyethyl derivative and used to alkylate the additional thymine by a Mitsunobu reaction. The oligodeoxynucleotides were studied in different nucleic acid secondary structures: duplexes, bulged duplexes, three-way junctions and artificial DNA zipper motifs. The thermal stability of these complexes was studied, demonstrating an almost uniform thermal penalty of incorporating one double-headed nucleoside moiety into a duplex or a bulged duplex, comparable to the effects of the previously reported double-headed nucleoside 5′(S)-C-(thymin-1-yl)methylthymidine. The additional base showed only very small effects when incorporated into DNA or RNA three-way junctions. The various DNA zipper arrangements indicated that extending the linker from methylene to ethylene almost completely removed the selective minor groove base–base stacking interactions observed for the methylene linker in a (−3)-zipper, whereas interactions, although somewhat smaller, were observed for the ethylene linker in a (−4)-zipper motif.