A radical-anion chain mechanism following dissociative electron transfer reduction of the model prostaglandin endoperoxide, 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

Abstract

The model prostaglandin endoperoxide, 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (3), was investigated in N,N-dimethylformamide at a glassy carbon electrode using various electrochemical techniques. Reduction of 3 occurs by a concerted dissociative electron transfer (ET) mechanism. Electrolysis at −1.6 V yields 1,3-diphenyl-cyclopentane-cis-1,3-diol in 97% by a two-electron mechanism; however, in competition with the second ET from the electrode, the resulting distonic radical-anion intermediate undergoes a β-scission fragmentation. The rate constant for the heterogeneous ET to the distonic radical-anion is estimated to occur on the order of 2 × 10⁷ s⁻¹. In contrast, electrolyses conducted at potentials more negative than −2.1 V yield a mixture of primary and secondary electrolysis products including 1,3-diphenyl-cyclopentane-cis-1,3-diol, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione, trans-chalcone and 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-hydroxypropane by a mechanism involving less than one electron equivalent. These observations are rationalized by a catalytic radical-anion chain mechanism, which is dependent on the electrode potential and the concentration of weak non-nucleophilic acid. A thermochemical cycle for calculating the driving force for β-scission fragmentation from oxygen-centred biradicals and analogous distonic radical-anions is presented and the results of the calculations provide insight into the reactivity of prostaglandin endoperoxides.