Effect of water molecules on the fluorescence enhancement of Aflatoxin B1 mediated by Aflatoxin B1:β-cyclodextrin complexes. A theoretical study

Abstract

In order to explain the observed fluorescence enhancement of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) when forming AFB1:β-cyclodextrin (AFB1:β-CD) inclusion complexes, we have performed a theoretical (quantum chemistry calculations) study of AFB1 and AFB1:β-CD in vacuum and in the presence of aqueous solvent. The AM1 method was used to calculate the absorption and emission wavelengths of these molecules. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) vibrational frequencies and related excitation energies of AFB1 and AFB1·(H₂O)_{m = 4,5,6,11} were calculated. On the basis of these calculations we propose a plausible mechanism for the fluorescence enhancement of AFB1 in the presence of β-CD: (1) before photoexcitation of AFB1 to its S₁ excited state, there is a vibrational coupling between the vibrational modes involving the AFB1 carbonyl groups and the bending modes of the nearby water molecules (CG + WM); (2) these interactions allow a thermal relaxation of the excited AFB1 molecules that results in fluorescence quenching; (3) when the AFB1 molecules form inclusion complexes with β-CD the CG + WM interaction decreases; and (4) this gives rise to a fluorescence enhancement.