New advances in homoleptic organotransition-metal compounds: The case of perhalophenyl ligands

Abstract

Homoleptic derivatives of formula [M(C₆X₅)_n]^z− (X = F, Cl) have been prepared and isolated for every first-row transition metal as well as for several of the heavier ones. The stoichiometry attained in each case (n ranging between 2 and 6) can be understood considering the tendency of a given metal ion to compensate its coordinative and electronic unsaturation, while not incurring severe interligand repulsive effects. The molecular structures associated with each stoichiometry seem, in turn, to be governed by electronic rather than steric factors. Most of these [M(C₆X₅)_n]^z− compounds are unsaturated, open-shell organometallic species, not fulfilling the 18-electron (or Effective Atomic Number) rule. This behaviour can be attributed to the absence of π stabilising ligands (such as CO, phosphines, alkenes, alkynes, a variety of substituted aromatic rings, and so on) which are otherwise ubiquitous in organotransition-metal chemistry. The magnetic properties of the [M(C₆X₅)_n]^z− species have been determined by EPR spectroscopy and/or bulk magnetisation measurements. Excellent correlation between molecular geometry and magnetic properties (whether diamagnetic or paramagnetic) has been observed. Many of these compounds undergo chemically- or electrochemically-induced electron exchange processes. These redox reactions proceed without alteration in the stoichiometry of the [M(C₆X₅)_n]^z− compound, but usually involve a sharp change in the molecular geometry according to the different electron configuration of the interrelated species.