Optical properties of rhodoxanthin accumulated in Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves under high-light stress with special reference to its photoprotective function

Abstract

In Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves, strong sunlight or its combination with drought induces the accumulation of the red keto-carotenoid, rhodoxanthin. Simultaneously, the transformation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts accompanied by degradation of thylakoid membranes and formation of plastoglobuli, large in size and number, takes place. Depending on stress conditions the build up of rhodoxantin occurred along with the loss of chlorophyll or on the background of relatively high content of the pigment in the leaves. Microspectrophotometrical measurements showed the presence of chlorophyll-free plastids and retention of carotenoids during leaf adaptation to strong sunlight. The plastid spectra contained absorption bands of common for higher plants carotenoids together with those of rhodoxantin, with absorption maxima situated in the blue (440–480 nm) and the green ranges of the spectrum, respectively. The studies of whole-leaf optical properties revealed a broad band of rhodoxanthin absorption in the blue–green range peaking near 540–550 nm. Within this spectral band the accumulation of rhodoxanthin occurring, probably, in plastoglobuli considerably increased light absorption by stressed Aloe leaves. A possible photoprotective function of rhodoxanthin and other carotenoids as an internal light trap analogous to that accomplished by anthocyanins in other plant species is discussed.