Separation of lanthanides and actinides using magnetic silica particles bearing covalently attached tetra-CMPO-calix[4]arenes

Abstract

Calix[4]arene tetraethers in the cone conformation bearing four –NH–CO–CH₂–P(O)Ph₂ (= CMPO) residues on their wide rim and one, two or four ω-amino alkyl residues of various lengths at the narrow rim were synthesized. Reaction with dichlorotriazinyl (DCT) functionalized magnetic particles led to complete coverage of the available surface by covalently linked CMPO-calix[4]arenes in all cases. Magnetically assisted removal of Eu(III) and Am(III) from acidic solutions was distinctly more efficient with these particles in comparison to analogous particles bearing the same amount of analogous single-chain CMPO-functions. The best result, an increase of the extraction efficiency by a factor of 140–160, was obtained for attachment via two propyl spacers. The selectivity Am/Eu was in the range of 1.9–2.8. No decrease of the extraction ability was observed, when the particles were repeatedly used, after simple back extraction with water.