The observation of a large gauche preference when 2-fluoroethylamine and 2-fluoroethanol become protonated

Abstract

The energies of the gauche and anti conformers of 2-fluoroethylamine, 2-fluoroethanol and their protonated analogues are calculated using density functional theory. Unlike the non protonated systems, the protonated systems show a strong gauche effect where the C–F and the C–⁺NH₃ or C–F and C–⁺OH₂ bonds are gauche rather than anti to each other. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 2-fluoroethylammonium compounds identify the same conformational preference.