A direct comparison of amperometric gas sensors with gas-diffusion and ion-exchange membrane based electrodes

Abstract

The effect of the nature of the working electrode used in amperometric gas sensors on the performance criteria of sensitivity, detection limit, gas flow rate and humidity dependence was evaluated. The arrangement based on metallized ion-exchange membranes (Nafion) was compared with gas-diffusion electrodes based on porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) with metallic electrodes deposited on the rear side. Two representative analyte gases were chosen: SO₂, which has fast reaction kinetics, and NO, which has slow reaction kinetics. It was found that both types of electrodes showed a similar performance. A dependence on the flow rate of the sample gas was found in both cases. The sensitivities were higher for the ion-exchange membrane-backed electrodes; however, the 3σ detection limits were all in the lower ppb range and for NO were significantly lower on the Nafion membrane than on the PTFE membrane. The Nafion electrode was found to show a dependence on the relative humidity of the gas stream, but not the PTFE-based electrode.