Ragout-jet FTIR spectroscopy of cluster isomerism and cluster dynamics: from carboxylic acid dimers to N2O nanoparticles

Abstract

Direct absorption supersonic jet Fourier transform spectroscopy provides a panoramic view of the dynamics of molecular clusters over the entire IR spectral range. The new and generally applicable ragout-jet technique compensates for the sensitivity limits inherent in the incoherent FTIR approach by the use of synchronized giant gas pulses expanding into a large vacuum buffer. A modification based on fragmented interferograms is proposed and demonstrated, by which the spectral resolution can be extended to the limit of the available FTIR spectrometer. The power of the method is illustrated for two classes of compounds. For acetic acid and its isotopomers, the supersonic jet spectra of dimers and oligomers are investigated for the first time, concentrating on the very complex OH/CH stretching domain and on the more regular CO/C–O stretching range. Issues of cluster isomerism, hydrogen exchange tunneling, anharmonic resonances, intermolecular Franck–Condon sequences, methyl group substitution and cluster coating with argon are explored. For the more weakly interacting nitrous oxide, stretching fundamentals and combination bands of clusters in the 1–3 nm range are studied as a function of composition. Surface vibrations are investigated in detail and modeled quantum mechanically. The semiempirical AM1 approach is found to provide a remarkably accurate description of the cluster structure, energetics and dynamics.