Construction and application of phenytoin anion-selective electrode based on bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensing technique

Abstract

This paper describes the construction of an anion-selective bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensor for the direct determination of phenytoin sodium for the first time. Based on the sensitive mass response of a piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) and selective adsorption–desorption across the modified film, the BAW sensor was fabricated by coating a polyvinylchloride (PVC) film containing activator on one side of a PQC. The method was found to be sensitive, rapid and easy to handle without pretreatment of the sample. The logarithm of the frequency shift of the PQC shows a linear relationship to the logarithm of the concentration of phenytoin over the range 6.7 × 10⁻⁸–8.0 × 10⁻⁴ M with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ M at pH 10.0. Recoveries were in the range 98.5–102.0%. Influencing factors were examined and optimized. Also discussed is the preliminary application of the phenytoin BAW sensor in serum and injection. The results for real samples obtained by the proposed method agreed with those obtained by conventional methods.