N- and C-Attacks on aromatics of phenylnitrenium ion generated from N-phenylhydroxylamine in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid containing polyphosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic anhydride

Abstract

A phenylnitrenium ion formed from N-phenylhydroxylamine in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) containing polyphosphoric acid (PPA) interacts with the counterion ⁻O₂CCF₃ and the unshared electron-pair of H₂O, showing Hammett’s ρ values −5.2 and −4.0 for N- and C-attacks on aromatics PhX (X = H, Me, Et, Ph and Cl), respectively. The ratio N-/C-attack for this nitrenium ion is lower than for the nitrenium ion interacting with only the counterion; the latter nitrenium ion is generated by the use of trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) instead of PPA or by reaction of phenyl azide with aromatics in TFA. The ratio for the former nitrenium ion is affected by the aromatic substituent X: X = Me > X = Et > X = Ph > X = H > X = OMe at 20 and 50 °C. The order for X = Cl is between those of X = H and X = Ph at 20 °C, but highest at 50 °C. The ratio is increased by higher reaction temperature and by decreased concentration of TFA. The results are demonstrated from the mechanistic viewpoint for the nitrenium ions.