Zeolite catalysis of aromatic nitrations with dinitrogen pentoxide

Abstract

The reactions of 2-nitrotoluene, 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene, and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene with dinitrogen pentoxide in dichloromethane at 0 °C are strongly catalysed by some zeolites notably H-Faujasite-720, catalysis by which is investigated in detail. Yields of the nitrated aromatics are near-quantitative. In the first two substrates nitration occurs more regioselectively at the 4-position compared to the uncatalysed reaction. The reaction of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene shows a kinetic form which is close to first-order with a rate-constant independent of the concentration of N₂O₅ and proportional to the mass of zeolite. Initial addition of the major product, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, causes rate-inhibition. Mechanisms are discussed.