Issue 2, 1999

Electrolyte diffusive flux determination through a highly selective cation exchange membrane

Abstract

A new method for evaluating highly selective ion exchange membranes is devised, which is competitive with the counter-ion transport number determination method. It is based on the evaluation of a strong electrolyte leakage through a membrane. This study uses a CM2 polystyrene and divinylbenzene sulfonated cation exchange membrane, separating two solutions, one containing the electrolyte at a given concentration C0 and the other permuted water. The electrolyte diffuses under its concentration gradient and induces an increase of the conductivity in the diluted compartment, allowing the determination of its flux. This new method is shown to be reliable and sufficiently accurate over a large concentration range. The bilogarithmic variation of the flux versus the concentration, for the KCl (10-2C0⩽4 mol L-1)/CM2/H2O system, shows the existence of three linear sections, each one corresponding to a diffusion state. The concentration range 10-1–2 mol L-1 seems to be the most interesting one for experimental and theoretical studies of the diffusion phenomenon of a strong electrolyte through an ion exchange membrane. In this domain the concentration is high enough that the proton contribution to the measured values of the conductivity can be neglected and sufficiently low that the osmosis flux, which would slow down the electrolyte as it diffuses, is not important. Une nouvelle me′thode simple d'e′valuation des performances des membranes e′changeuses d'ions (MEI) fortement se′lectives est propose′e. Cette me′thode est concurrentielle à celle de la de′termination du nombre de transport du contre-ion. Elle est base′e sur l'e′valuation de la fuite d'un e′lectrolyte fort à travers une membrane (dans cette e′tude, nous avons utilise′ une membrane sulfonique e′changeuse de cation, CM2) se′parant deux solutions, l'une contenant cet e′lectrolyte à la concentration C0 et l'autre initialement de l'eau permute′e. L'e′lectrolyte diffuse alors sous l'effet de son gradient de concentration et fait augmenter la conductivite′ du compartiment dilue′, laquelle nous permet de de′terminer son flux. Nous avons montre′ que cette nouvelle me′thode est sûre et suffisamment pre′cise sur une large gamme de concentrations. La variation bilogarithmique du flux en fonction de la concentration pour le système KCl (10-2C0⩽4 mol L-1)/CM2/H2O montre l'existence de trois domaines line′aires dont chacun correspond à un re′gime de diffusion. La gamme de concentrations 10-1–2 mol L-1 semble être la plus inte′ressante pour les e′tudes expe′rimentales et the′oriques du phe′nomène de diffusion d'un e′lectrolyte fort à travers une MEI. Dans ce domaine la concentration est suffisamment e′leve′e pour pouvoir ne′gliger la contribution des protons aux valeurs mesure′es de la conductivite′ et suffisamment faible pour ne pas ge′ne′rer un important flux osmotique qui ralentit l'e′lectrolyte lors de sa diffusion.

Article information

Article type
Paper

New J. Chem., 1999,23, 173-178

Electrolyte diffusive flux determination through a highly selective cation exchange membrane

V. Tourreuil, L. Dammak, G. Bulvestre and B. Auclair, New J. Chem., 1999, 23, 173 DOI: 10.1039/A809216H

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