Highly sensitive flow detection of uric acid based on an intermediate regeneration of uricase

Abstract

The principle of the signal amplification of a uric acid sensor based on dithiothreitol (DTT)-mediated intermediate regeneration of uricase was applied to a flow-injection system with an immobilized uricase reactor and a DTT-containing carrier. Highly sensitive detection for nM to µM order of uric acid was achieved when 10 mM TRIS–HCl buffer (pH 10.0) containing 20 mM DTT was used as a carrier at 0.6 ml min^–1 and 37 °C. The sensitivity of the uric acid was much improved over a batch method using a uricase membrane-coupling electrode, and the detection limit (ca. peak current 8 nA) of uric acid was found to be down to 3 × 10^–10M (amplification factor; more than 10000). This chemically amplified flow-system is very useful for the direct assay of uric acid in highly diluted biological fluids (urine and serum) without complicated pretreatment of the samples, because this sensor has the potential to detect trace amounts (nM to µM) of uric acid in highly diluted body fluids in which the concentration of interfering constituents was decreased to negligible levels. Good correlation was observed between this system and conventional spectrophotometry. The immobilized uricase reactor could be re-used for at least 4 months of repeated analysis without loss of activity and was stable if stored at 4 °C in 10 mM TRIS–HCl buffer, pH 9.0.