Sodium, silicon, iron, calcium and gallium as impurities in alumina were removed by carbothermal reduction from alumina particles between 1100 and 1400 °C. Reduction of calcium and silicon oxides starts as low as 1200 and 1100 °C, respectively. Thermodynamics and rate of the alumina cleaning process are discussed.
D. P. F. de Souza and M. F. de Souza, J. Mater. Chem., 1996, 6, 233 DOI: 10.1039/JM9960600233
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