A macroscopic drift of Brownian particles (1.5 and 2.5 µm diameter silica spheres in water) is induced by switching on and off a spatially periodic asymmetric potential. It is defined by an ac voltage, applied between asymmetrically shaped metallic electrodes deposited on a glass plate. The induced drift is a function of the particle diffusion coefficient; one can thus select particles according to their size.
L. P. Faucheux and A. Libchaber, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1995, 91, 3163 DOI: 10.1039/FT9959103163
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