Benzil 2 reacts readily with 1,2-phenylenediamine 1 to give 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline 3. By the use of 13C NMR spectroscopy with a labelled substrate the course of the reaction has been determined. A parallel study of the reaction between benzil and 6-methoxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine gave only an indication of the pathway because of the large number of possible intermediates.
L. M. Anderson and A. R. Butler, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1994, 323 DOI: 10.1039/P29940000323
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