The liquid crystalline behavious of porphyrins is normally associated with the formation of discotic mesophases, owing to stacking of the large, flat core; by extending the porphyrin along one axis via substitution at the 5 and 15 positions, the disc-like porphyrin can be made to behave as a rod, showing calamitic nematic and smectic A phases at elevated temperatures.
D. W. Bruce, M. A. Wali and Q. M. Wang, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2089 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002089
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