Simultaneous binding of betaine and pseudohalide to cadmium: structures of four polymeric mixed-ligand cadmium(II) complexes

Abstract

Four cadmium complexes containing betaine and pseudohalide ligands have been synthesised and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The betaine-azide complex [Cd₂(Me₃NCH₂-CO₂)₂(N₃)₄]1 and the betaine-isocyanate [Cd₂(Me₃NCH₂CO₂)₂(NCO)₄]2 are isomorphous, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group C2/c with Z= 4. The two betaine-thiocyanate complexes [Cd₃(Me₃-NCH₂CO₂)₄(SCN)₆(H₂O)₂]3 and [Cd(Me₃NCH₂CH₂CO₂)(NCS)₂]4 are both triclinic, space group P with Z= 1 and 2, respectively. All four complexes are polymeric, the carboxy groups of the betaine ligands acting in three co-ordination modes and the pseudohalide ligands in two typical bridging modes. The structure of 1 or 2 consists of a virtually linear chain in which each pair of adjacent metalions are triply bridged by one carboxylate plus two µ-1,1-pseudohalogenide ligands. The framework of 3 is a one-dimensional chain built from corner-sharing centrosymmetric 16-membered (–N–C–S–Cd)₄ puckered rings containing µ-1,3-bridging thiocyanate groups in both anti and skew modes; both uni- and bi-dentate chelating modes of the betaine ligands coexist in this complex. The structure of 4 is constructed from an alternate arrangement of two kinds of rings which share corners to form a linear chain: one is an eight-membered chair-like (–N–C–S–Cd)₂ ring bridged by a pair of µ-1,3-thiocyanate ligands and the other a four-membered (–O–Cd)₂ ring bridged by two carboxylate ligands. The significance of these structural features and the co-ordination geometries at the cadmium centres are discussed.