Spectrophotometric determination of quaternary ammonium salts by a flow injection method coupled with thermochromism of ion associates

Abstract

A selective and rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of cetylpyridinium and benzalkonium chlorides by a flow injection technique coupled with ion-pair extraction and thermochromism of the ion associates. Selectivity can be enhanced because the absorbance of ion association compounds formed between co-existing amines and the anionic tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester disappears at elevated temperatures in the flow cell. Accordingly, interferences due to amine associates can be eliminated by absorbance measurement at 45 °C. The sample throughputs were 60 h^–1 for cetylpyridinium and 50 h^–1 for benzalkonium. The calibration graphs were linear in the range 5 × 10^–7–2 × 10^–6 mol dm^–3 for both compounds. The relative standard deviations (n= 5) for 1 × 10^–6 mol dm^–3 cetylpyridinium and benzalkonium at 45 °C were both 2.1%. The proposed method was used for the selective and rapid determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in pharmaceuticals.