Comparative performance of 14-crown-4 derivatives as lithium-selective electrodes

Abstract

A series of neutral ionophore-based lithium-selective liquid-membrane electrodes have been prepared and the electrode performance compared with similar electrodes based on the lithium ionophores ETH 1810-ortho-nitrophenyl octyl ether (oNPOE) and ETH 2137-bis(1-butylpentyl) adipate (BBPA). By using a diamide substituted 14-crown-4 macrocycle, selectivities for Li⁺ in the presence of Na⁺ of log k^pot_Li,Na=–3.25 and –2.92 were obtained for diisobutylamide–oNPOE and di-n-butylamide–oNPOE derivatives. The di-n-butylamide–oNPOE based electrode functioned satisfactorily in serum, exhibiting a fast response time (10–15 s), an acceptable lifetime of 50 d and minimal protein interference.