Chemical speciation in biology and medicine: the role of atomic spectrometric techniques

Abstract

For the detection, characterisation and identification of trace element containing chemical species in a sample, a wide range of techniques have to be used, and an interdisciplinary approach to the solution of the problems involved is essential. The application of these techniques can produce meaningful results only when particular attention is paid to the choice of methods used for sample collection, pre-treatment and storage, and to the changes that occur during these steps, which can affect the distribution of the chemical species. Some of these changes are identified and suggestions are made as to how they can be kept to a minimum. The detection and determination of metal- and metalloid-containing species by atomic spectrometric techniques are examined, and the potential of the techniques for use in chemical speciation experiments is assessed.