Biosensors based on reversible reactions at blocked and unblocked electrodes

Abstract

The establishment of the potential difference at both blocked and unblocked interfaces is described and contrasted. Various applications of these interfaces to biosensors are discussed. Enzyme amplification or amplification by vesicle release can achieve the necessary sensitivity for immunoassays. Other approaches are to use carrier-antigen linked sensors or to rely on the kinetics of a Donnan membrane. Fully blocked interfaces have also been used, but the potential differences are small and the experiments are not easy.