γ-Lactones were easily prepared from the direct reaction of methyl β-bromopropionate with ketones mediated by lanthanoid metals; a lanthanoid metal ester homoenolate (β-lanthanoid metal substituted ester) is postulated as a reaction intermediate.
S. Fukuzawa, T. Fujinami and S. Sakai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 475 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000475
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