The conversion of biphenyl into isomeric hydroxynitrobiphenyls is a two-step process which involves a photochemical nitration of the first formed o- and p-hydroxybiphenyls. The initial steps of the reaction involve quenching the biphenyl excited singlet state by NO3– to give an exciplex or a caged radical ion pair which then collapses to produce the o- and p-hydroxybiphenyls.
N. J. Bunce, S. R. Cater and J. M. Willson, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1985, 2013 DOI: 10.1039/P29850002013
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