A precise n.m.r. method for measuring isotope effects on acid–base equilibria: effects of solvent, solvent isotopic composition, and ionic strength on hydrogen and oxygen isotope effects in formic acid
Abstract
Measurement of the isotope effect, Δ, on an n.m.r. chemical shift, as a function of the extent of ionisation, is the basis of a very sensitive method illustrated with formic acid for measuring isotope effects on mobile acid–base equilibria.