Molecular interactions in non-aqueous solvents. Part 3. Kinetics and energetics of dimerization of a tetrasubstituted copper(II) phthalocyanine dye

Abstract

The kinetics and energetics of the dimerization of 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetrakisoctadecylsulphonamidocopper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPC) dye in benzene is reported. A negative activation energy of –62.27 kJ mol^–1 for the generalized dimerization process (i) indicates a multi-step reaction mechanism. Results are interpreted in the light of previously CuPC + CuPC [graphic omitted] (CuPC)₂(i) reported calorimetric data and as a multi-step reaction. Additionally, the kinetics of dimerization of the CuPC dye in carbon tetrachloride at 25 °C are reported with the apparent forward rate constant (k_f) being 3.6 (±0.4)× 10⁷ l mol^–1 s^–1 and the reverse rate constant (k_r) being 30(±3) s^–1.