Thermodynamic properties of fused lead-monoxide-rich slags containing sodium fluoride

Abstract

By measuring the e.m.f. of the galvanic cell, steel|Pb alloy|PbO + NaF‖ZrO₂– CaO‖PbO|Pb alloy|steel the activity, activity coefficient and partial excess Gibbs free energy/equivalent of PbO in fused PbO-rich slags containing NaF have been determined. From the point of view of ionic solution theory, the thermodynamic data obtained show that there is a significant contribution to non-random mixing. Thus the concentration of Pb²⁺– 2F^– and 2Na⁺– O^2– pairs should become less than expected under a random process.