The title betaines form dimers, the structures and stereochemistry of which are elucidated. The regio- and stereoselectivity of dimer formation are rationalised and the variation of reactivity of 3-oxidopyridinium betaines with their substitution patterns is discussed in MO terms.
N. Dennis, B. Ibrahim and A. R. Katritzky, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1976, 2296 DOI: 10.1039/P19760002296
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