Standard potential of the Ag–AgCl electrode and related thermodynamic quantities in butan-1-ol at different temperatures

Abstract

E.m.f. measurements of cells of the type Pt, H₂|HCl(m), BuOH|AgCl–Ag at nine temperatures ranging from 5 to 45 °C were used to derive the standard e.m.f. of the cell in butan-1-ol, the mean activity coefficient of HCl, the primary medium effect, the relative partial molal enthalpy of HCl, and the standard changes of Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity for the transfer of HCl from water to butan-1-ol. These thermodynamic quantities were calculated from ΔE°_N and its temperature coefficient. The molality of the acid ranged from 0·005 to 0·15 mol kg^–1. The results have been discussed in the light of acid–base properties and the effect of structure of the solvent on the transfer process.