Covalency in metal ion–sulphate interaction

Abstract

Frequencies of the ³P₁â†�¹S₀ transition for tin(II), antimony(III), thallium(I), lead(II), and bismuth (III) in sulphate environments are compared with those for the metal ions in aqueous and chloride environments. The trend in the s–p separation follows a similar trend for the β values previously obtained from crystal-field data, but contrasts with optical electronegativity data.