Effects of ion valency on formation of second black soap films
Abstract
The thicknesses of first and second black soap films stabilized by the tetradecyltrimethylammonium cation in the presence of several anions and anion mixtures have been measured over a range of ionic strength. The critical conditions for the formation of second black films have been established; there is a close resemblance between second black film formation and the flocculation of a colloidal system.