In the Conrad-Limpach reaction, 3-phenanthrylamine undergoes cyclisation at position 4 in accordance with Marckwald's rule, but in the Ullmann-Fetvadjian condensation with β-naphthol and paraformaldehyde, and in the Bernthsen cyclisation of N-(β-naphthyl)-3-phenanthrylamine, the cyclisation at position 2 predominates.
N. P. Buu-Hoï, D. Thang, P. Jacquignon and Ph. Mabille, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1969, 467 DOI: 10.1039/J39690000467
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