The smooth intramolecular nucleophilic displacement which occurs when potassium 2′-nitrobiphenyl-2-carboxylate is heated to give 3,4-benzocoumarin also occurs, in poorer yield, when the nitro-group is replaced by fluorine and bromine, but not by cyanide. The related reaction to give seven-membered cyclic products does not occur.
D. M. Collington, D. H. Hey and C. W. Rees, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, 1030 DOI: 10.1039/J39680001030
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