Thermodynamic studies of some anion-exchange equilibria. Part 1.—Determination of standard free energy change of uni-bivalent exchange processes

Abstract

Anion-exchange equilibrium data for the uni-bivalent systems of chloride with each of the bivalent ions, sulphate, oxalate, carbonate, and borate (B₄O^2–₇), have been established for 25°. An extension of the previous statistical thermodynamic treatment¹ has provided a basis for the calculation of the standard free energy changes for such reactions.