Issue 10, 2024

Oxidative stress modulating nanomaterials and their biochemical roles in nanomedicine

Abstract

Many pathological conditions are predominantly associated with oxidative stress, arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS); therefore, the modulation of redox activities has been a key strategy to restore normal tissue functions. Current approaches involve establishing a favorable cellular redox environment through the administration of therapeutic drugs and redox-active nanomaterials (RANs). In particular, RANs not only provide a stable and reliable means of therapeutic delivery but also possess the capacity to finely tune various interconnected components, including radicals, enzymes, proteins, transcription factors, and metabolites. Here, we discuss the roles that engineered RANs play in a spectrum of pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and inflammation. We visualize the dual functions of RANs as both generator and scavenger of ROS, emphasizing their profound impact on diverse cellular functions. The focus of this review is solely on inorganic redox-active nanomaterials (inorganic RANs). Additionally, we deliberate on the challenges associated with current RANs-based approaches and propose potential research directions for their future clinical translation.

Graphical abstract: Oxidative stress modulating nanomaterials and their biochemical roles in nanomedicine

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Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
22 Apr 2024
Accepted
08 Jul 2024
First published
10 Jul 2024

Nanoscale Horiz., 2024,9, 1630-1682

Oxidative stress modulating nanomaterials and their biochemical roles in nanomedicine

K. D. Patel, Z. Keskin-Erdogan, P. Sawadkar, N. S. A. Nik Sharifulden, M. R. Shannon, M. Patel, L. B. Silva, R. Patel, D. Y. S. Chau, J. C. Knowles, A. W. Perriman and H. Kim, Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, 9, 1630 DOI: 10.1039/D4NH00171K

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