Bio-based edible packages from cassava (Manihot esculenta) peel starch incorporating amla (Phyllanthus emblica) pomace microparticles for palmyrah fruit leather

Abstract

Environmental consequences arising from the use of petrochemical-based packages have prompted the development of eco-friendly packages. The present study was conducted to develop a bio-based edible package for palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) fruit leather (PFL) and investigate its role as a protective sheath. The films were synthesized with varying starch contents (60%–90% w/w) along with the incorporation of spray-dried microcapsules of amla pomace extract (APE) at varying concentrations (5%–20% w/w), and analyzed for thickness, mechanical, and barrier properties. The results showed a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the properties of the films caused by the differences in the amount of starch and the concentration of microcapsules. The four best films (F8, F11, F12, and F16) were selected for further physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and sensory analyses. From the results of the sensory evaluation, predominantly F8 was selected and optimized as the best fit. F8 and F5 (control) were used to pack PFL, and the packed products were stored at 25 °C for 50 days to observe their efficacy in protecting the properties of the PFL during storage. F8 showed a significant favorable impact (p < 0.05) on the PFL, in terms of better protection against weight loss, and many physicochemical property variations compared to F5. Furthermore, it was observed that F8 exhibits potential antimicrobial effects to reduce microbial growth over 50 days of storage. Overall, it can be concluded that cassava peel starch with the addition of microencapsulated APE can be utilized as an active package for PFL.