Synthesis of N-heterocycles via lactam-derived ketene aminal phosphates. Asymmetric synthesis of cyclic amino acids.
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K. C. Nicolaou and Kenji Namoto
Abstract
A variety of N-heterocycles can be synthesized from lactams via Pd0-catalyzed couplings of their corresponding enol phosphates.
References
For the use of lactam-derived enol triflates in carbon–carbon bond forming reactions, see: T. Okita and M. Isobe, Synlett, 1994, 589 Search PubMed; T. Okita and M. Isobe, Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 3737 CrossRefCAS; T. Luker, H. Hiemstra and W. N. Speckamp, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 8257 CrossRefCAS; T. Luker, H. Hiemstra and W. N. Speckamp, J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 3592 CrossRefCAS; T. Luker, H. Hiemstra and W. N. Speckamp, J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 8131 CrossRefCAS.
For the use of lactone-derived ketene acetal phosphates, see: K. C. Nicolaou, G.-Q. Shi, J. L. Gunzner, P. Gärtner and Z. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 5467 Search PubMed.
The larger lactams were synthesized from the corresponding ketones via
a Beckmann rearrangement, see: G. A. Olah and A. P. Fung, Synthesis, 1979, 537 Search PubMed.
W. J. Scott and J. K. Stille, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 3033 CrossRefCAS.
BINAP has been previously used as a superior ligand to monodentate and
other bidentate systems in aromatic amination; see: J. P. Wolfe, S. Wagaw and S. L. Buchwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 7215 Search PubMed.
For a catalytic hydrogenation review, see:
R. Noyori,
Asymmetric Catalysis In Organic Synthesis,
Wiley-Interscience,
New York,
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To the best of our knowledge, there is only one example of a catalytic
asymmetric hydrogenation of a cyclic dehydroamino acid derivative, see: C. J. Foti and D. L. Comins, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 2656 Search PubMed.
M. J. Burk, M. F. Gross, T. Gregory, P. Harper, C. S. Kalberg, J. R. Lee and J. P. Martinez, Pure Appl. Chem., 1996, 68, 37 CrossRefCAS.
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