Synthesis of six-coordinate mono-, bis-, and tris(tetrazolato) complexes via [3 + 2] cycloadditions of nitriles to silicon-bound azido ligands

Abstract

A convenient synthetic route to poly(tetrazolato) silicon complexes is described based on the four reactive centres of the N-rich, highly endothermic tetraazides of the type Si(N₃)₄(L₂). Hypercoordinate azido(tetrazolato) silicon complexes Si(N₃)₂(N₄C-R)₂(L₂), R = CH₃, C₆H₅, 4-C₆H₄CH₃ (4a, 5, 6, 7) and Si(N₃)₂(N₄C-L)₂ (9, L = 2-C₅H₄N), L₂ = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, with SiN₆ skeletons were synthesised via multiple [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions starting from Si(N₃)₄(L₂) and a nitrile. The isolated new complexes were characterised by standard analytical methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (4a,b). Tetrazolato ligand linkage isomerism was observed for complex 4a. The crystallographically characterised methyl tetrazolato complexes and plausible configurational and linkage isomers were evaluated by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level.