Themed collection Tin: Modern chemistry of an element from antiquity
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The structures of ring-expanded NHC supported copper(I) triphenylstannyls and their phenyl transfer reactivity towards heterocumulenes
A copper(I) stannyl supported by a ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene has been synthesised and its reactivity towards heterocumulenes has been investigated.
Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 831-835
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT03109K
Synthesis, isolation and characterization of a stable lithium stannenolate. A keto or an enol tautomer?
The synthesis and isolation of the first stable lithium stannenolate is reported. Structural and spectroscopic data, in combination with DFT quantum-mechanical calculations, indicate that the stannenolate adopts the keto tautomeric structure.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 13651-13655
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02843J
(C6H15N3)1.3(NH4)1.5H1.5In3SnS8: a layered metal sulfide based on supertetrahedral T2 clusters with photoelectric response and ion exchange properties
A new layered metal sulfide composed of interlinking supertetrahedral T2 clusters as secondary building units is synthesized and structurally studied, which shows photoelectric response and ion exchange properties after activation.
Dalton Trans., 2024,53, 6063-6069
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT00262H
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Phosphido-borane-supported stannates
While the reaction between three equivalents of the alkali metal phosphido-borane complexes [R2P(BH3)]M (M = Li, Na, K; R = Ph, iPr) with SnCl2 gave the tris(phosphido-borane)stannates [M{R2P(BH3)}3Sn], similar reactions between [tBu2P(BH3)]M and SnCl2 gave the known hydrido-stannate [M{tBu2P(BH3)}2Sn(H)].
Dalton Trans., 2023,52, 947-954
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT03587A
Stannylene cyanide and its use as a cyanosilylation catalyst
The usefulness of stannylene cyanide (ATISnCN (5); ATI = aminotroponiminate) as a catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes is demonstrated.
Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 16906-16914
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT02721F
Reversible addition of tin(II) amides to nitriles
Amidotin(II) benzamidinates were prepared via addition of Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 to mono-, di- and trinitriles. A reversible addition of [PhC(NSiMe3)2]SnN(SiMe3)2 with an excess of benzonitrile to its homoleptic [PhC(NSiMe3)2]2Sn was studied by NMR and DFT.
Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 1879-1887
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT04060J
Complexity of imine and amine Schiff-base tin(II) complexes: drastic differences of amino and pyridyl side arms
A series of imine and amine Schiff-base tin(II) complexes were synthesized. Complexes having dimethylamino side arm appears to be innocent while those having pyridyl side arm underwent unusual ligand dimerization.
Dalton Trans., 2022,51, 509-517
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02997E
Pyridylpyrrolido ligand in Ge(II) and Sn(II) chemistry: synthesis, reactivity and catalytic application
The work describes the synthesis of a series of germylenes and stannylenes (1–6) supported by pyridylpyrrolido (PyPyr) ligand. The catalytic utility of stannylene 5 towards hydroboration of a range of organic compounds is further explored.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 16678-16684
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT03136H
Hypercoordinated eka-tin materials with dangling aryl-methoxy and -methylthio ligands exhibiting intramolecular secondary bonding and aryl bond stabilization in reactions with organotin chlorides
The syntheses of [2-(CH3ECH2)C6H4]PbPh3−nCln, (n = 0, E = O (4), E = S (5); n = 1, E = O (6), E = S (7); n = 2, E = O (8), are described.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 16084-16091
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02781F
N-Donor stabilized tin(II) cations as efficient ROP catalysts for the synthesis of linear and star-shaped PLAs via the activated monomer mechanism
N-donor stabilized tin(II) cations were synthesized by a chloride abstraction from neutral complexes or by an auto-ionization concept. Prepared tin(II) cations are universal catalysts for the production of linear and star-shaped PLAs via ROP.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 16039-16052
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02658E
Higher stability of metalloid tin clusters obtained via the cation–anion interaction
The reaction of SnCl with the bulky substituents HyptBuMe2 and HypEt3 leads to the formation of two isostructural Sn10-clusters, showing novel coordination polymers in the solid state and high thermal stability in solution.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 16013-16020
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02591K
Application of ferrocene-bridged N-heterocyclic carbene stabilised bis-phosphinidenes in Sn(II) complexation
Isolation of new bidentate NHCP ligands was achieved by reaction of a bis(dichlorophosphine) with a NHC and subsequent dichlorination. The NHCPs were used in synthesis of stannyliumylidenes, transmetalation, as well as Sn(II) transfer reaction.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 14842-14848
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT03016G
Hydroboration of carbonyls and imines by an iminophosphonamido tin(II) precatalyst
Iminophosphonamido tin(II) chloride 1 can act as a precatalyst for the hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, and imines at −10 °C.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 14810-14819
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01856F
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Tin(IV) fluoride complexes with neutral phosphine coordination and comparisons with hard N- and O-donor ligands
Abstraction of fluoride from tin(IV) fluoride complexes bearing neutral phosphine ligands yields mono, di- and tri-fluoride complexes with retention of two phosphines, whereas with neutral O- and N-donor trifluoride cations, dications are formed.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 14400-14410
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02948G
Bonding analysis in ytterbium(II) distannyl and related tetryls
The suite of heterobimetallic ytterbium(II) tetryls [Yb{E(SiMe3)3}2·(thf)x] (E = Si, Ge, Sn) have been synthesised, and their bonding and electronic properties have been comprehensively investigated.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 14273-14284
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02355A
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Evaluation of Sn(II) aminoalkoxide precursors for atomic layer deposition of SnO thin films
A series of homo- and hetero-leptic Sn(II) aminoalkoxide complexes have been synthesised, characterised and the thermal properties of the homoleptic complexes assesed for their potential as ALD precursors for SnO thin films.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 13902-13914
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02480A
The tin sulfates Sn(SO4)2 and Sn2(SO4)3: crystal structures, optical and thermal properties
Two polymorphs of tin(IV) sulfates and a mixed-valent tin (II,IV) sulfate were characterised structurally, by Mössbauer, UV-vis, IR spectroscopy and thermally yielding three new structure types, two related to TiO2 polymorphs or features therein.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 12913-12922
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT02189C
Diverse reactions of a fluorostannylenoid towards ethynes
Fluoro(dialkyl)stannylenoid 2 exhibits unique reactivity towards ethynes with acetylenic hydrogen and those with trimethylsilyl groups giving the corresponding 1 : 2 adducts.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 10806-10810
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01914G
Bulky arene-bridged bis(amide) and bis(amidinate) complexes of germanium(II) and tin(II)
Several bulky arene-bridged bis(amide) and bis(amidinate) ligands have been developed, and used in the syntheses of a series of bifunctional germanium(II) and tin(II) complexes (see picture; Dip and Ar† = bulky aryls).
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 9118-9122
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01642C
Reactions of a diborylstannylene with CO2 and N2O: diboration of carbon dioxide by a main group bis(boryl) complex
Reactions of a bis(boryl) tin complex towards carbon dioxide proceed via insertion into the Sn–B bond(s), with subsequent B–O reductive elimination leading to the net diboration of CO2.
Dalton Trans., 2021,50, 9059-9067
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1DT01216A
About this collection
Tin: Modern chemistry of an element from antiquity
This collection of articles in Dalton Transactions focuses on the inorganic, metalorganic and organometallic chemistry of the heavier Group 14 element, tin. As an element, tin has been exploited by humanity for over 5000 years, since it was realised that its alloy with copper provided an even more durable material, bronze. In more recent times, and throughout the half century of Dalton Trans., tin has played, and continues to occupy, a central role in the development of many of our current perspectives on the bonding and application of the whole gamut of main group element chemistry.
Guest edited by Mike Hill (University of Bath) and John McGrady (University of Oxford), this collection of reports reflects our prevailing interest in an element that has played a central role not only in the development of modern chemistry but in human history. Both of the commonly accessible (II) and (IV) oxidation states are represented by this compendium of reports, which span fundamental studies of bonding and structure to emerging applications in small molecule activation, catalysis and materials science.
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