Issue 38, 2024

An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical technology is considered a very effective industrial wastewater treatment method for its high treatment efficiency, high current efficiency, low energy consumption, and, especially, ability to completely mineralize nonbiodegradable organic contaminants. Particle electrodes, which are the fundamental components of 3D electrochemical technology, have multiple functions in the electrochemical reaction process. Various types of particle electrodes have been created and applied for wastewater treatment. Herein, we present a thorough analysis of the research and development of particle electrodes used for electrocatalyzing pollutants. Initially, reactor designs, factors affecting the removal efficiency of pollutants and degradation mechanisms are introduced. In particular, a detailed investigation is conducted into the selection of particle electrode materials and the roles they play in the 3D electrochemical treatment of wastewater. Subsequently, the degradation efficiency and energy consumption associated with 3D electrochemical technology for different pollutants are investigated. Finally, the directions and outlook for further studies on particle electrodes are discussed. We believe that this review will offer a useful perspective on the development and application of particle electrodes for wastewater purification.

Graphical abstract: An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
17 Jun 2024
Accepted
15 Aug 2024
First published
02 Sep 2024
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2024,14, 27712-27732

An overview of the recent advances and future prospects of three-dimensional particle electrode systems for treating wastewater

M. Piao, H. Du and H. Teng, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 27712 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA04435E

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