Issue 15, 2022

Multivalent stimulation of β1-, but not β2-receptors by adrenaline functionalised gold nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, we present a strategy for the synthesis of catecholamine functionalised gold nanoparticles and investigated their multivalent interactions with adrenergic receptors in different biological systems. The catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline represent key examples of adrenergic agonists. We used gold nanoparticles as carriers and functionalised them on their surface with a variety of these neurotransmitter molecules. For this purpose, we synthesised each ligand separately using mercaptoundecanoic acid as a bifunctional linking unit and adrenaline (or noradrenaline) as a biogenic amine. This ligand was then immobilised onto the surface of presynthesised spherical monodispersive gold nanoparticles in a ligand exchange reaction. After detailed analytical characterisations, the functionalised gold nanoparticles were investigated for their interactions with adrenergic receptors in intestinal, cardiac and respiratory tissues. Whereas the contractility of respiratory smooth muscle cells (regulated by β2-receptors) was not influenced, (nor)adrenaline functionalised nanoparticles administered in nanomolar concentrations induced epithelial K+ secretion (mediated via different β-receptors) and increased contractility of isolated rat cardiomyocytes (mediated by β1-receptors). The present results suggest differences in the accessibility of adrenergic agonists bound to gold nanoparticles to the binding pockets of different β-receptor subtypes.

Graphical abstract: Multivalent stimulation of β1-, but not β2-receptors by adrenaline functionalised gold nanoparticles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Mar 2022
Accepted
25 Jun 2022
First published
28 Jun 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Nanoscale Adv., 2022,4, 3182-3193

Multivalent stimulation of β1-, but not β2-receptors by adrenaline functionalised gold nanoparticles

A. Mattern, R. Claßen, A. Wolf, E. Pouokam, K. Schlüter, M. S. Wickleder and M. Diener, Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 3182 DOI: 10.1039/D2NA00171C

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