* Corresponding authors

^a Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
E-mail: zjgu@ihep.ac.cn, zhaoyuliang@ihep.ac.cn, yinwy@ihep.ac.cn

^b Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing, P. R. China

^c College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China

^d College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China

^e College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P. R. China

^f Department of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China