Retracted Article: Molecular docking and in vivo/in vitro studies of a novel thiadiazole Schiff base as a hepatoprotective drug against angiogenesis induced by breast cancer

Norah F. Alqahtani; Mohammad Y. Alfaifi; Ali Shati A; Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi; Abdulrahman M. Saleh; Ebtesam S. Kotb; Waleed M. Serag; Reda F. M. Elshaarawy; Heba W. Alhamdi; Yasser A. Hassan

doi:10.1039/D4RA06398H

Retracted Article: Molecular docking and in vivo/in vitro studies of a novel thiadiazole Schiff base as a hepatoprotective drug against angiogenesis induced by breast cancer†

Norah F. Alqahtani,^a Mohammad Y. Alfaifi,^bc Ali Shati A,^bc Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi,^bcd Abdulrahman M. Saleh,^ef Ebtesam S. Kotb,^g Waleed M. Serag,

*^g Reda F. M. Elshaarawy,

^gh Heba W. Alhamdiⁱ and Yasser A. Hassan^jk

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

^b King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia

^c Tissue Culture and Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

^d Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, Egypt

^e Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt

^f Aweash El-Hagar Family Medicine Center, Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, MOHP, Mansoura 35711, Egypt

^g Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt
E-mail: waleed.ibrahim@suezuniv.edu.eg

^h Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

ⁱ College of Sciences, Biology Department, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia

^j Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt

^k Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq

Abstract

Two new thiadiazole imidazolium salicylidene Schiff bases (TISSBs) were successfully synthesized, and their structures were analyzed comprehensively using spectroscopic techniques. The results of the MTT assay showed that TISSB2 was the safest and most effective anti-breast cancer agent. The anti-angiogenic activity of TISSB2 was evaluated using in vivo tests in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing Swiss albino mice. The degree of angiogenesis was assessed by measuring the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The results of biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological examinations indicated that TISSB2 could restore the normal functional indices of the injured liver, as evident from the downregulated TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF levels reverting to normal values. Moreover, in the molecular docking study, TISSB2 exhibited stronger interactions with VEGFR-2 and NF-κB proteins, with binding affinity scores of −11.79 and −9.25 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively. These stronger interactions involved H-bonding, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic π-interactions. Overall, TISSB2 can be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of EAC-induced tumour angiogenesis.

RSC Advances

Retracted Article: Molecular docking and in vivo/in vitro studies of a novel thiadiazole Schiff base as a hepatoprotective drug against angiogenesis induced by breast cancer†

Abstract

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