* Corresponding authors

^a State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
E-mail: haold@buct.edu.cn, sunzy@mail.buct.edu.cn

^b Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy

^c School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, 2033 Sydney, Australia

^d Institute of Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany

^e Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

^f Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy